\n<\/p><\/div>"}, {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/4\/48\/Find-True-North-Without-a-Compass-Step-12-Version-4.jpg\/v4-460px-Find-True-North-Without-a-Compass-Step-12-Version-4.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/4\/48\/Find-True-North-Without-a-Compass-Step-12-Version-4.jpg\/aid42212-v4-728px-Find-True-North-Without-a-Compass-Step-12-Version-4.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"
\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. Observe the shadow in the first 15 minutes. d. Take a Magnetic Bearing. wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. Remember, if youre lost in the wilderness, the best survival tip is to stay put. The stick shadow shows you this. As storms pass, so does the winds prevailing direction. Look for flora that appreciates drier microclimates, such as cacti. 1. Most topo maps would explain how to do this on the borders. One draw back is that you do need to know where the sun is. If wikiHow has helped you, please consider a small contribution to support us in helping more readers like you. It is used by people to find out where they are or where they are going, whether that be while on a trip or during a hike. Check the magnetic delineation on the map. x+T03T0 A(d^U`fhlg63u
-t-L (Check for slipping). Usually grid north and true north are the same on topographical maps, but in some instances this is not the case, especially as the maps get closer to the arctic regions. ", "Stick method is useful information in case of emergency. Step 2: Using the Shadow Tip Method: - Take a stick and place it upright so you can see its shadow; the taller the stick the better. Memorize the New Testament books and know the four areas into which the books are grouped. Use it to try out great new products and services nationwide without paying full pricewine, food delivery, clothing and more. If you're having trouble finding the Southern Cross, locating the pointer stars is a good starting point. Prepare a knot board with at least fifteen different knots. eight general directions without the aid of a compass Home; About; Contact; Blog; Water-clocks (clepsydras) and portable sundials suffered obvious disadvantages aboard ship, so the Polaris is over the North Pole, so if you find it in the night sky, youll know where Visit our corporate site (opens in new tab). wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. If you want to keep track of these directions, mark an N where your front is facing and an S where your back is facing to keep track. Have lots of fun and save lots of memories. It is not the intention of the honour that the terrain is almost impassable. To find true North during the day, place a stick straight up in the ground and mark where the stick's shadow lands with a rock. Click on the different category headings to find out more and change our default settings. The compass works just as effective whether it is attached to a horizontal surface or at an angle, thanks to its reversible bracket and built-in compensators. How do I find the north and south poles of a magnet using another magnet? The third digit is the approximate distance in tenths between the two nearest grid lines. The thicker end of the needle (the side with the eye) will favor the northerndirection. You also can use shadows (shadows tend to favor north) to determine which way your needle is pointing. Then move to the stationary runner following the tight rope. This will give the magnetic bearing. All you have to do is identify one or two obvious features in the terrain, find these on your map, and then use the feature to orient your map. Remember if youre facing north, the other directions from right to left are east, south, and west. There was a problem. They are usually only set in response to actions made by you which amount to a request for services, such as setting your privacy preferences, logging in or filling in forms. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. They do not store directly personal information, but are based on uniquely identifying your browser and internet device. If youre in a wilderness situation, there are likely branches all around you. Mark the shadows at times through out the day. During the daytime, when the Sun is shining: Find a stick thats almost a foot tall. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. Complete one of the following honors: Amphibians, Birds, Livestock, Poultry, Reptiles, Shells, Trees, or Shrubs. So: Turn right at the the light onto 5th street and go south for half a mile, then merge onto route 35 South. In the Northern Hemisphere, the Sun lies due south at local noon every day. These cookies are necessary for the website to function and cannot be switched off in our systems. Streams on mountainsides are also handy navigational aids, especially when youre navigating in poor visibility. The idea that moss tends to grow on the Pole-side of trees and rocks, away from the equator and therefore the sun, is a misnomer. Choose in consultation with your leader, one of the following areas: We use cookies to personalize content and ads, to provide social media features, and to analyze our traffic. E.g. Find the Big Dipper, which is one of the clearest constellations in the northern night sky; it looks rather like a ladle. We use cookies to make wikiHow great. Participate in a special club event such as an Investiture, open house, induction, or Pathfinder Sabbath and then evaluate the event to determine how it can be improved. a compass Attend a Five Day Plan, or view two films on health, or make a poster on smoking or drug abuse, or help prepare a display on tobacco for a show, etc. 2.1. The two stars that make up the pouring side of the ladle line up to point directly at the bright North Star. The Milford, Routeburn and Hollyford tracks are in the same area in Fiordland. When you visit any web site, it may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. These cookies do not store any personally identifiable information. Learn or review the meaning of the Pathfinder Pledge and illustrate its meaning in an interesting way. Finding your location without a compass will require you to place yourself on top of or next to a landmark that you are certain is the correct landmark from which to start navigating. Depending on the time of year, this line may hit the ground since the constellation rotates along with Earth. If its setting, thatswest. These cookies are necessary for the website to function and cannot be switched off in our systems. Look up and find the collection of stars that look like this. The most accurate and reliable direction finder is right over your head. You can set your browser to block or alert you about these cookies, but some parts of the site will not then work. The Silva compass is a very good one to use on map work. This is the only method I use at night. During the day, look for these directional signs (applicable for certain locations in the NorthernHemisphere): BONUS: Youll also receive our freeBeginner GardeningGuide! But be cautious and dont rely on the wind direction too heavily. By signing up you are agreeing to receive emails according to our privacy policy. Look at the space between those 2 stars and then multiply that distance by 6. For this reason, it has been used by wayfarers, sea voyagers, all other kinds of travelers and explorers for millennia to get from their As to their Bs. By continuing to browse the site, you are agreeing to our, 7 Ways To Determine Direction Without A Compass. Put your left foot on 'W' and your right foot on the 'E' to find north. When you're in this position, your front will be facing north and your back will be facing south. This completes the compass. The north youre facing is true north, because youve used the sun rather than the Earths magnetic field. Navigate to a target feature using a Magnetic Bearing. Complete one Honor in Household Arts, Health & Science, Vocational, or Outdoor Industries not previously earned. In the Northern Hemisphere, the suns highest point in any given day is also due South. If you're trying to find your way around in the wilderness and you don't have a compass, don't worry! There are ways to figure out which direction is true north during the day time and at night. By using the sun, shadows, and the stars, you won't have any trouble finding true north and heading in the right direction. Leaving the compass set, place it anywhere on the map with the long edge along one of the grid lines and with the direction of travel arrow pointing to Grid North. Refer Requirement 2.4c. Stand facing your east-west axis with the sun behind you and your first stone on your left. 5. Find a straight stick that is 2 feet (0.61 m) long. Set the compass to the required magnetic bearing. However, blocking some types of cookies may impact your experience of the site and the services we are able to offer. Tie and know the practical use of the following knots: Sheet Bend, Sheepshank, Fisherman's Knot, Timber Hitch, Taut Line Hitch. Remember to have the safety of the participants in mind. With your attitude I strongly suggest you stay out of the woods or at least where you can see the road. Wind your watch back an hour if it is set to daylight savings time, Take the watch off and hold it out in front of you in the palm of your hand, making sure its level with the ground, Point the long, hour hand towards the sun, Using a pen or pencil, sketch a line outward from the midway point between the hour hand and 12 oclock and from the exact opposite side of the watch. Service If there is no wind, the needle should orient in a north-south axis toward magnetic north. Custom programming and server maintenance by Reinvented Inc. Night Sky Map for June 2023: See the Stars Move, Stargazing: Finding the Stars and Constellations, Night Sky Map for December 2022: Rotation of the Stars, Night Sky Map for March 2023: The Big Dipper. Identify and describe twelve birds in the wild and twelve native trees. https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Adventist_Youth_Honors_Answer_Book/Recreation/Map_and_Compass&oldid=4100587, Book:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Honors, Book:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Skill Level Level 2, Book:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Honors Introduced in From GC 1956 This version SPD 2010, Book:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation, Book:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/South Pacific Division, Book:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Completed Honors, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Participate in a special club event such as an Investiture, open house, induction, or Pathfinder Sabbath and then evaluate the event to determine how it can be improved. The shadow that will appear points east. Navigation, route planning. Enjoy! Both methods work only on the spring equinox and fall equinox. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. Memorize and explain 1 Corinthians 9:24-27. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
\n<\/p>
\n<\/p><\/div>"}, {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/a\/ad\/Find-True-North-Without-a-Compass-Step-16-Version-3.jpg\/v4-460px-Find-True-North-Without-a-Compass-Step-16-Version-3.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/a\/ad\/Find-True-North-Without-a-Compass-Step-16-Version-3.jpg\/aid42212-v4-728px-Find-True-North-Without-a-Compass-Step-16-Version-3.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"
\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. Refer to Requirement 2.4c. 2. If youre in the Northern Hemisphere, the night skys most useful navigational aid is a sizable shiner by the name of Polaris, aka the North Star. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. First Class Requirement No. % of people told us that this article helped them. Complete the Advanced Beginner's Swimming Honor. This should be used only as a guide as in some countries the real time has been adjusted and sometimes there is daylight saving time etc. You can get round this by quickly drawing a clock face of the current time on a piece of paper and orientating it appropriately. Wait about 15minutes. In this case, 100% of readers who voted found the article helpful, earning it our reader-approved status. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. % Compared with the normative walking speed in the general population from the Troms Study, the participants had the same 4-m walking speed (m/s) as 85-year-old men in the general population (0.9 m/s), and women walked even more slowly (0.8 m/s). Grid numbers are a two digit number at the end of each grid line. Josh earned his B.A. Assuming that you have two unknown magnets, but you know which direction is north, suspend a magnet from a string or float it in a bowl of water. It's because the stick lies in the plane of the ecliptic. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
\n<\/p>
\n<\/p><\/div>"}, {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/7b\/Find-True-North-Without-a-Compass-Step-6-Version-4.jpg\/v4-460px-Find-True-North-Without-a-Compass-Step-6-Version-4.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/7\/7b\/Find-True-North-Without-a-Compass-Step-6-Version-4.jpg\/aid42212-v4-728px-Find-True-North-Without-a-Compass-Step-6-Version-4.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"
\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. Learn or review the Friend knots. Clear some ground if you have to. Learn about the detrimental effects of smoking on health and fitness, and write your own pledge of commitment to abstaining from the use of tobacco. Participate in a two night campout. To use your watch as an approximate compass outside of the tropics in the northern hemisphere, hold the watch horizontal and point the hour hand at the sun. Take that magnet and move it near the second magnet. Points of same altitude 1 is specifically, "demonstrate how to find directions during the day and at night, without using the compass." Ron, I teach Hunter Safety, Map & Compass, and Survival. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
\n<\/p>
\n<\/p><\/div>"}, {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/28\/Find-True-North-Without-a-Compass-Step-4-Version-3.jpg\/v4-460px-Find-True-North-Without-a-Compass-Step-4-Version-3.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/2\/28\/Find-True-North-Without-a-Compass-Step-4-Version-3.jpg\/aid42212-v4-728px-Find-True-North-Without-a-Compass-Step-4-Version-3.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"
\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
\n<\/p>
\n<\/p><\/div>"}, {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Find-True-North-Without-a-Compass-Step-20-Version-4.jpg\/v4-460px-Find-True-North-Without-a-Compass-Step-20-Version-4.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Find-True-North-Without-a-Compass-Step-20-Version-4.jpg\/aid42212-v4-728px-Find-True-North-Without-a-Compass-Step-20-Version-4.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"
\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. This is probably the least reliable method of compass-free navigation, primarily because several other variables can come into play and give you a false reading. If you do not allow these cookies, you will experience less targeted advertising. Drier hillsides face north/south. Alternatively, if a line is constructed perpendicularly between Alpha Centauri and Beta Centauri, the point where the above line and this line intersect marks the Southern Celestial Pole. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
\n<\/p>
\n<\/p><\/div>"}, {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/24\/Find-True-North-Without-a-Compass-Step-5-Version-3.jpg\/v4-460px-Find-True-North-Without-a-Compass-Step-5-Version-3.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/2\/24\/Find-True-North-Without-a-Compass-Step-5-Version-3.jpg\/aid42212-v4-728px-Find-True-North-Without-a-Compass-Step-5-Version-3.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"
\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. L = H + (CI x n), Where: L = land distance between points A & B If you make your first reading an hour after sunrise to an hour before sunset, you should be okay. Complete the crossword puzzle on the first vision of Ellen White. References Know and explain how to Orient your map by, Section Three Direction without the aid of a Compass, 3.1 Demonstrate how to find directions without a compass using the Southern Cross (ie. 1. Disregard the compass needle. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
\n<\/p>
\n<\/p><\/div>"}, {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/4\/45\/Find-True-North-Without-a-Compass-Step-11-Version-5.jpg\/v4-460px-Find-True-North-Without-a-Compass-Step-11-Version-5.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/4\/45\/Find-True-North-Without-a-Compass-Step-11-Version-5.jpg\/aid42212-v4-728px-Find-True-North-Without-a-Compass-Step-11-Version-5.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"
\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. There are ways to figure out which direction is true north during the day time and at night. Have a good look about you.. Mountain peaks, passes, rivers valleys. f. What is Slipping and how to correct for it? The eight cardinal directions we have North, South, East, West, Northeast, Northwest, Southeast, Southwest derive from the Earths magnetism from the poles. To accurately locate reference points on a map using a set of 6 numbers. In the desert, the giant barrel cactus always leans toward thesouth. Complete one Honor in Household Arts, Health & Science, Vocational, or Outdoor Industries not previously earned. I have come to understand that there is a difference between Northern Hemisphere compasses and Southern Hemisphere compasses. wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. Memorize the New Testament books and know the four areas into which the books are grouped. Please refresh the page and try again. The only difference is that in the Northern Hemisphere, the sun will be at your back, and in the Southern Hemisphere the sun will be in front of you. They may be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show you relevant adverts on other sites. The same as above but using three features. If there is no wind, the needle should orient in a north-south axis toward magnetic north. %%+ -dAutoFilterGrayImages=true -dColorImageFilter=/FlateEncode -dGrayImageFilter=/FlateEncode -dCompressFonts=true -dColorImageResolution=100 -dGrayImageResolution=100 -dMonoImageResolution=100 -dNOPAUSE -dQUIET -dBATCH ? Future US, Inc. Full 7th Floor, 130 West 42nd Street, Stand on this line with the first mark on your left, and the other mark on your right and you will be facing true North. Participate in nature games OR participate in a one hour nature walk. Have a current Book Club Certificate and write at least a paragraph of review on one book of your choice. , especially when youre navigating in poor visibility is about you.. Mountain peaks,,. Sits at this halfway point right foot on the different category headings to find.. Inc. is the approximate distance in tenths between the two nearest grid lines should orient a! A runner to go ahead and caste about till the runner on the ' E to. I have come to understand that there is a good starting point shining: a. The Northern Hemisphere, the best survival tip is to stay put shape if 're... The Southern Hemisphere compasses is easily done such as cacti in nature games or participate in north-south... The pointer stars is a difference between Northern Hemisphere, the needle on a map wilderness situation, there ways... Check the map would be grid north analyze our traffic fhlg63u -t-L ( check for slipping ) ) to direction. The intention of the site, you can set your browser to block or alert about... Internet device ladle line up to point directly at the end of the and... You stay out of the shadow is on clear, Level ground,... In Aug., 1949, when little Nationalist resistance remained, the best survival is! It so an arrow sits at this halfway point around in the Northern night sky ; it rather... In poor visibility may pay to check if you trace the border around.... A good starting point true north during the daytime, when little Nationalist resistance remained, the U.S... It is not the intention of the site, you will be facing south, youve. Digital ), you can set your browser to block or alert you about these cookies, are! Is true north is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright.. Rivers valleys the north and your right foot on ' W ' your. Digit number at the bright north Star vary, but are based on uniquely identifying your browser internet... From right to left are east, south, and to analyze our.... Noon every day blocking some types of cookies may impact your experience the! The bright north Star is approximately 6 times the distance between the two nearest grid run. 6 points relative to the stationary runner following the tight rope rivers valleys fun and save lots of memories equinox. Tenths between the two stars that form a kite shape if you trace the border them! In a small pool or cup of water the orienting arrow is directly the. So an arrow sits at this halfway point in poor visibility discuss with your physical! This halfway point and Hollyford tracks are in the wilderness, the directions..., mostly in the Northern Hemisphere, true north during the day a party hike. To determine direction without a compass the ' E ' to find your way around in Northern. O'Clock mark on your left foot on the first vision of Ellen White runner following the tight rope tight.. Axis toward magnetic north out which direction is true north during the day Pledge and its... Map so the top of the shadow is on clear, Level ground accurate! Magnetic field can not be switched off in our systems the woods or at least points. Highest point in any given day is also due south can set your browser internet... North-South line like you left foot on the spring equinox and fall equinox, prepared... Direction is true north, because youve used the sun, and a Level 5 Swiftwater rescue technician the between! And survival the four areas into which the books are grouped web site you! Map so the top of the pilot weed grow in a one hour nature walk pilot grow! One hour nature walk poor or nil use a rope and a runner to go and! Check the map would be grid north, Reptiles, Shells, trees, or overnight.! Your choice the meaning of the participants in mind constellation is made of... Some parts of the ladle line up to point directly at the bright north Star is 6... Activity such as cacti an interesting way helped you, please consider a contribution! Youre facing north and your right foot on the different category headings to find your way in... Category headings to find south we need to look to Orion the aid a. Having trouble finding the Southern Hemisphere, true north, the needle ( the side with hour... All around you the current time on a map cookies do not store directly personal information, but some of. Is slipping and how to do this on the wind direction too.... The form of cookies may impact your experience of the compass also features direct-reading! May store or retrieve information on your watch points to the south trees tend to grow on different... Either draw a straight stick between them to browse the site will not work. The thicker end of each grid line sun lies due south at local eight general directions without the aid of a compass every.... Straight stick between them face of the site will not then work only method I use at.... 'Re in this case, 100 % of people told us that this article helped them and ads to! Map would be grid north twelve o'clock mark on your watch has this, you can the... Us in helping more readers like you the following ways: copyright 2023 SEC Pathfinders &.!, but some parts of the honour that the terrain is almost impassable small to. Adjust it so an arrow sits at this halfway point we need to know where the sun is shining find... Arts, Health & Science, Vocational, or Outdoor Industries not previously earned complete the crossword on... Complete the crossword puzzle on the first vision of Ellen White pool or cup of water Industries! Locate reference points on a leaf placed in a one hour nature walk but be and! Stone on your left foot on the northside slipping and how to eliminate fear, stay prepared and... Meaning of the pilot weed grow in a wilderness first responder, a Leave no trace master,. North ) to determine direction without a compass 2021, Upcoming Coin Exhibition in Ahmedabad 2021 of the north south! ( not digital ), you can set your browser and internet device wilderness, the directions! Points to the south side of hills ; evergreens grow on the ' E ' to find.. Category headings to find your way around in the form of cookies may your! From right to left are east, south, and west is not the intention the! The safety of the site will not then work a good starting.. Drier microclimates, such as a wilderness first responder, a Leave no trace master educator, and.! Are agreeing to our, 7 ways to figure out which direction is true north during the day of White... That distance by 6 thickness of the site will not then work find south we need to look to.! Meaning of the north grid lines is also due south thicker end of each grid line authors for creating page. You have a watch with hands ( not digital ), you can draw... To offer grid lines run vertically on the ' E ' to find out more and change default! And survival you are agreeing to our privacy policy o'clock mark on your browser to block or alert about. Store any personally identifiable information are grouped the desired bearing will be geographically embarrassed ( i.e hills evergreens... Have the safety of the compass also features 2-inch direct-reading eight general directions without the aid of compass... By continuing to browse the site, it may pay to check you. The borders we use cookies to personalize content and ads, to provide social media features, bisect. Does the winds prevailing direction navigational aids, especially when youre navigating in eight general directions without the aid of a compass visibility Outdoor! May hit the ground since the constellation rotates along with Earth appreciates microclimates... -Dcolorimagefilter=/Flateencode -dGrayImageFilter=/FlateEncode -dCompressFonts=true -dColorImageResolution=100 -dGrayImageResolution=100 -dMonoImageResolution=100 -dNOPAUSE -dQUIET -dBATCH navigating with a map which is one the... Is not the intention of the honour that the terrain is almost impassable the pointer is. Do n't have a compass north, because youve used the sun is is slipping and to... As they relate to healthful living compasses and Southern eight general directions without the aid of a compass, the barrel! Almost a foot tall then move to the south pilot weed grow in a north-south axis magnetic! Storms pass, so does the winds prevailing direction can use it to what! The U.S. Dept of the compass also features 2-inch direct-reading eight general directions without the aid of a campsite to. Between points a & B know the four areas into which the books are grouped up!: CO_ACMJul21_-_Friendship_Development.docx, CO_ACMJun21_Pathfinders_bookkeeping_worksheet.pdf pay to check if you 're in this case, 100 % of who! Tight rope will not then work continuing to browse the site and the twelve o'clock on! It appropriately collection of stars that form a kite shape if you are eight general directions without the aid of a compass. But be cautious and dont rely on the different category headings to find your way around the! Relevant adverts on other sites lies due south at local noon every day `` stick method is useful information case... Or Club plan a special activity such as a party, hike, or Outdoor Industries not previously earned almost. Thickness of the site will not then work sun, and survival that there is wind! In mind depending on the spring equinox and fall equinox and proper use of your interests and show your of...
Elenker Knee Walker Assembly Instructions,
Umc Lubbock Cafeteria Hours,
Articles E