Most diseases for hollies are caused by the environment or location where the plant is. Holly bush leaves: Dark green obovate-shaped leaves with toothed margins measuring 2 to 3 (5 7.5 cm) long. The popular English holly tree is famous for its dark glossy green prickly leaves, clusters of bright red berries, and winter decorations. Grow the oak leaf holly plant as foundation plantings, an evergreen border, or privacy hedge. Several dwarf inkberry holly bush cultivars include Strongbox, Compacta, Shamrock, and Gem Box., Size: 5 to 8 ft. (1.5 2.4 m) tall and wide. The fungus Thielaviopsis basicola causes black root rot. Coniothyrium is a fungus that causes round or irregularly shaped, brown or gray spots with a dark border on holly leaves. When overhead irrigation is the most desirable way to water, irrigate in the morning so there is ample drying time before nightfall. You should maintain a list of the commonly occurring holly tree diseases and their appearance to identify them and address infections. Control: There are many preventive treatments available for trees within 15 to 20 miles of other infected trees. Dead or dying branches should also be removed. Save for later Print Updated: July 31, 2016 Skip to the end of the images gallery Skip to the beginning of the images gallery Thielaviopsis spores Holly dieback due to Phytophthora root rot in a root cell. To avoid introducing these pathogens, purchase hollies with healthy roots and good foliage color. Using sucking mouthparts, they feed on the undersides of leaves, where their fine webbing is often seen. Japanese hollies ( I. crenata) are very intolerant of poorly drained soils and are especially prone to root rot. They attack sensitive and weakened trees and cannot be cured. Once thought to be caused by the sharp points of leaves puncturing each other, spine spot is now known to be caused by the ovipositing of certain insects. Each of these diseases are discussed in further detail below. DoItYourself.com, founded in 1995, is the leading independent In late fall, tiny black dots are scattered over the white patches like pepper grains. Their presence inside the leaf protects them from many insecticides. Holly berries are one of the most recognizable features of plants in the Ilex genus. problems contact webmaster@doityourself.com. The fungus thrives in areas with poor drainage and warm soils. The presence of many punctures can result in deformed leaves. The Japanese holly is a small tree or large shrub with a rounded crown and small round leaves like boxwood and black berry-like drupes. Prune your holly to improve air circulation. Several fungicides are available that can control rust fungi. Also, species of female holly trees are identifiable by the berries they produce because male hollies dont grow berries. Prevention & Treatment: Presently, there are no effective chemicals registered for the control of nematodes in existing landscape plants. They occur in the spring during periods when the weather is cool and moist. Holly tree fungus problems are more prevalent among stressed or weakened plants. This disease appears as slightly shrunken, discolored and cracked bark on twigs of the bush. Canker is a common problem on apple trees. Remove trees that are known to have contracted a root rot disease, advises PennState Extension. Sometimes a holly bush disease is due to environmental factors. Drench = Add to water and pour around base of plant. Holly tree leaves: The dahoon holly tree leaves are elongated obovate-shaped with a pointed end at the base and serration at the rounded tips. Always select hollies that are adapted to the local climate and soil conditions. Later, one or more limbs may wilt and die back to the main trunk, and a brown to black streak of dead tissue may extend from one area of rotted roots to the damaged limb. Holly dieback due to Phytophthora root rot in a root cell. Blue holly is a large shrub or small tree with glossy green, pointed leaves with spines on the margins and shiny crimson red berries. Chlorosis - As far as diseases, you may see leaves becoming yellow. Coniothyrium rarely causes serious damage, but the holly's leaves will turn yellow and drop early. The holly, its bright-red berries a favorite symbol of winter, is one of the most popular landscape trees. The first two segments of the antennae are gray, and the third segment is black. Do not use those with blackened roots. If this document didnt answer your questions, please contact HGIC at hgic@clemson.edu or 1-888-656-9988. The two most prevalent fungal holly tree diseases are tar spot and cankers. Remove the infected plant. Bees, rain, and infected pruning tools spread the disease. Individual species of hollies have distinctive glossy leaves with wavy margins and jaggy spines, small blunt points, or smooth edges. Promptly dispose of prunings. Holly bush leaves: Blue holly leaves are dark green to blue, measure 1 to 2.5 (2.5 6 cm) long, and have four to eight spines on each margin. In addition, there are variegated holly shrubs with spiky leaves or leaves with smooth margins. In the case of infectious cankers, remove branches six to 12 inches below the canker. Prevention is best, buy you can wait until your holly tree shows signs of disease to apply fungicide sprays, to use chemicals only if necessary. 1. Holly tree berries: Eagleston holly tree berries are bright red and persist throughout the winter. Check with your local tree service for current recommendations. Prune the tree to encourage better air circulation and mulch well to prevent the fungi from splashing up from the ground. For infected plants, prune wilting branches back to healthy, green wood and give the holly proper care. During humid weather, you can even see pinkish-orange fungal spores in these spots. They are a favorite of gardeners, as well as birds and other wild animals. Learn which plants thrive in your Hardiness Zone with our new interactive map! The evergreen holly plants are generally recognizable by their thick, glossy leaves with sharp spines along the margins. Control: 12 inches beyond any discoloration and destroy them. To ensure you get bright red berries, you need to plant a male and female holly tree. Where practical, remove and destroy leaves in fall. Avoid using contact insecticides unless the plant is very valuable and in serious danger from scale. Size: 4 to 10 ft. (1.2 3 m) tall and 1 to 3 ft. (0.3 1 m) wide. More is not always better in gardening. Infected leaves may turn yellow or red and drop. Native holly leafminer, Phytomyza ilicicola Loew, Agromyzidae, DIPTERA. Apply a fungicide as a soil drench to protect healthy roots. Populations of southern red mites usually peak in spring and fall. Damage: On young or smooth-barked trees, the surface of the canker is often discolored, and tissue around the canker is enlarged. Its dense, spiky foliage means this holly tree is ideal as an impenetrable hedge, living fence, or privacy barrier. In periods of drought, water trees thoroughly. The Chinese holly is native to Asia and has long, glossy green, prickly leaves, dark red berry-like fruits, and white flowers with four tiny petals. Like any other tree root disease, rots are unnoticed as they happen under the soil surface. A second generation of eggs is laid, again in turfgrass, where the nymphs will feed. Learn which plants thrive in your Hardiness Zone with our new interactive map! This spine spot is often confused with the slits made by the holly leafminer. Size: 30 to 50 ft. (9 15 m) tall and 15 to 25 ft. (4.5 7.6 m) wide. After approximately a month, the nymphs become winged adults, which also feed upon turfgrass sap. Phytophthora Root Rot: The water mold fungi, Phytophthora cinnamomi, and other Phytophthora species cause root rot on hollies growing in very poorly drained sites or wet areas. Tar Spot Tar spot is a fungal infection that appears on the holly tree. All Rights Reserved. Being able to identify the types of disease that may cause the tree to become damaged or suffer a premature death will help a holly tree owner apply a fix that will save the tree and prolong its life. Several blue holly cultivars have beautiful bluish-green shiny foliage. Neem oil extract or botanical oil sprays may also reduce plant damage by repelling many insect pests. To ensure our content is always up-to-date with current information, best practices, and professional advice, articles are routinely reviewed by industry experts with years of hands-on experience. Fungicides, Insecticides & Miticides to Control Diseases & Pests of Hollies. Size: 15 to 20 ft. (4.5 6 m) tall and up to 15 ft. (4.5 m) wide. Browse 401 holly disease stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. Each larva constructs a bag that covers its entire body. Comprehensive details about visible damage as well as control measures accompany each image to help you get a handle on what is troubling your tree. The powdery material can be scraped off. are a popular landscape plant in the United States. Aptly named, fire blight gives trees and shrubs the appearance that portions of their branches have been scorched by fire. Holly trees can grow between 30 and 80 ft. (10 24 m) tall. Powdery mildew forms a white coating on leaf surfaces during dry, cloudy weather with high humidity. Plant resistant varieties into nematode-free soils. The yaupon holly is a small evergreen tree or large shrub with small glossy, dark green leaves, clusters of whitish flowers, and shiny red berries. Remove infected plant material and surrounding soil. Arborvitae, lilac, hemlock, holly, juniper, pine, red maple, red oak, rhododendron, and yew are a few plants that Japanese beetles rarely attack. Damage: A prolific broom infection has the potential to pop up all over the tree, destroying it in some cases. He has worked as a handyman for various individuals since 2013, with a focus on lawn care and home renovation.  This article is a guide to the best types of holly trees and bushes for growing in your garden. It is vital to clean your tools between cuts to keep from spreading the disease. The plants flowers can help identify female holly plants apart from male flowers. Foliar systemic insecticides labeled for use by the homeowner include acephate or spinosad, can be sprayed during May for control of larvae within mines. 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